| Advocated grand theory. | |
| An Austrian physician and the found of psychoanalysis. Formed the idea of the id, ego, and superego | |
| 8 stages of psychosocial development: Nurture, shame, initiative, focus shifts from family to school, ID confusion, relationships, social contribution, and lastly finding meaning at the end of one's life. | |
| Caused American sociology to experience a loss of interest in the larger problems of social order and change, focusing on specific problems. |