A variable whose effect on the response variable cannot be separated from the effect of the explanatory variable on the response variable. Note: Usually confounded variables are lurking variables but only a few lurking variables are also confounded.
The probability that an event will occur given that one or more other events have occurred
Provides data and answers questions about relationships among measured variables. Also called traditional experimental approach.
Quantifiable likelihood chance of the occurrence of an event expressed as odds, or a fraction of 1.